Aviation

Radio communication & ATC.

A GEN radio certificate is international (English) and must be used for VFR flights abroad as well as IFR flights nationally and internationally. In order to maintain the certificate, it must be possible to document min. 20 hours of practical use within a period of 30 months. In addition to a GEN radio certificate, in addition to training as a traffic pilot, a Morse certificate is also required. In regulations for civil aviation there are documents dealing with radio communication See BL 6-08, BL 7-14, Annex 1 and Annex 2.

Order of priority for radio transmissions (DUDS MR/NIPS MR):

• MAYDAY - distress calls/transmissions and traffic (in case of termination, "cancelling distress" is used)

• PAN, PAN – Urgency calls/transmissions and messages followed by medical transport signals

• Communication related to Direction finding (QDM: magnetic course to VDF/ QDR: magnetic course from VDF/QUJ: true course to VDF/ QTE: true course from VDF) Bearing accuracy Class A 2degrees, Class B 5 degrees, Class C 10 degrees and Class D more inaccurate than Class C.

• Flight safety messages

• Meteorological messages

• Flight regularity messages

Communication failure (See also the section "emergency procedures".

If it is not possible for an aircraft to establish a radio connection with a ground station, e.g. due to receiver failure or something else that makes clear and two-way radio communication impossible, the following must be transmitted twice on the primary and secondary frequency: TRANSMITTING BLIND DUE TO RECEIVER FAILURE (including normal call, position report, intentions, etc.) and time of next transmission. A7600 SSR code is inserted into transponder. Continue flight in VMC and land at nearest and most suitable aerodrome.

In case of communication error in IMC(Icao): Maintain last assigned altitude and speed for a period of 20 minutes. Then follow the original flight plan.

In case of communication error in IMC(Jar): Maintain last assigned altitude and speed for a period of 7 minutes. Then follow the original flight plan.

Transponder codes: mode A 7700: Distress Mode A 7600: Radio failure Mode A 7500: Illegal act Mode A 7000: VFR¬

Mode C provides altitude reading with reference to 1013 hpa.

Radio waves:

The wavelength can be calculated from the frequency λ = 300,000 km/sec

Frequency in Khz

The distance of the transmitted radio wave can be calculated as follows: Range in NM = 1.23 √‾altitude of a/c in Feet or (√‾flight level) x 12